Extensive list of sources.
About our numbers.
We researched a number of sources.
The sources vary but the numbers, once translated, show the same general results.
Then numbers vary but are follow the same general pattern presented here.
There are a number of methods out there include 'per 100,000' and 'per million' but that quickly becomes complicated.
We decided on using actual numbers and translating those to percent as the most easily understandable.
We limit our analysis to black and white as latino is not well defined* and the other 'races' make up a small number of the total.
*Hispanics are not included, because they have varied response to race, and latino is not considered a race. Latino's may
identify as black, or white, or other, or a particular country or origin. See this link.
https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/06/11/chapter-7-the-many-dimensions-of-hispanic-racial-identity/
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219
We settled on these sources and methods:
Total US population 328,000,000
White 76% 250,000,000
Black 13% 42,000,000
Other 11%
Totals 2018 shot by police
https://www.statista.com/statistics/585152/people-shot-to-death-by-us-police-by-race/
2018 Total 608
white 399 66%
black 209 34%
This source shows total murders of 16,000 in 2018.
Murder rates
from here?
Are these total murders catagorized by race? versus the 16,000 above?
https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2018/crime-in-the-u.s.-2018/tables/expanded-homicide-data-table-3.xls
footnote: Not all agencies provide ethnicity data; therefore, the race and ethnicity totals will not equal.
Totally different numbers! 16,000, black 6318, white 4884, unknown 4821
2018 murder. black white.
Total: 6,188
Black offenders: 3177 51%
White offenders: 3011 49%
Although just 13% of the population, blacks account for over 50% of murder victims, in 2019.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/251877/murder-victims-in-the-us-by-race-ethnicity-and-gender/
This is the source for the mapping police violence 3X chart
See https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/
This is our analysis in comparing this to our numbers.
Their numbers differ - they say 'killed' not just shot by police.
They also include latino as a race.
Their numbers are higher than ours, expecially for whites, but the pattern is the same.
They show black at 3X PER MILLION, as whites.
black Shows 6.6/million = 283 based on (42,000,000 = 42 * 6.6)
white Shows 2.5/million = 625 based on (250,000,000 = 250 * 2.5)
Our statista numbers translate to:
209/42 (million black) = 4.98 / million
399/250 (millino white) = 1.6 / million.
4.98 / 1/6 = 3.11 so we come to the same 3X PER MILLION ratio that they do.
This chart would be the easiest to undertand
https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2018/crime-in-the-u.s.-2018/tables/expanded-homicide-data-table-6.xls
see footnote: NOTE: This table is based on incidents where some information about the offender is known by law enforcement; therefore, when the offender age, sex, race, and ethnicity are all reported as unknown, these data are excluded from the table.
2018 murder. black white.
Total: 6,188
Black offenders: 3177 51%
White offenders: 3011 49%
Offending rates, per 100,000 (7x higher murder rate by blacks)
black 3177/420 = 7.56
white 3011/2500 = 1.2
Totals 2018 shot by police
https://www.statista.com/statistics/585152/people-shot-to-death-by-us-police-by-race/
2018 Total 608
white 399 66%
black 209 34%
police shot rates, per 100,000 ( 3 higher for blacks)
black 209/420 = .5
white 399/2500 = .16
See https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/
See 3X image.
They say 'killed' by police, so not just shot.
They include latino. How do they do that?
black Shows 6.6/million = 283 based on (42,000,000 = 42 * 6.6)
while Shows 2.5/million = 625 based on (250,000,000 = 250 * 2.5)
Total population 328,000,000
White 76% 250,000,000
Black 13% 42,000,000
White population is 6X black (5.95)
Population per 100,000
White 76,300 (76.3%)
Black 13,400 (13.4%)
American Indian
Asian
https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219
Can we do % of total on all of these?
Total population 328,000,000
White 76%
Black 13%
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States
According to The Guardian's database, in 2016 the rate of fatal police shootings per million was 10.13 for Native Americans, 6.6 for black people, 3.23 for Hispanics; 2.9 for white people and 1.17 for Asians.[12] In absolute numbers, police kill more white people than any other race or ethnicity, however this is because white people make up the largest proportion of the US population.
A 2018 study in the American Journal of Public Health found the mortality rate by police per 100,000 was 1.9 to 2.4 for black men, 0.8 to 1.2 for Hispanic men and 0.6 to 0.7 for white men.
Percent of total.
fatal police shootings per million %
10.13 for native americans. 42 %
6.6 for black people 27 %
3.23 hispanic 13 %
2.9 white 12 %
1.17 asian. 5 %
----
24.03 99%
Homicides per 100,000
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/2020-lhi-topics/Injury-and-Violence/data
Meaning. Adjusted for population... not a simple total.
Asian 1.7 4%
White 2.9 7%
Hispanic 5.2 13%
American Indian 6.3 16%
Black 22.7 59%
---
38.80
Good source on police
https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=84
Here we get our estimates of the number of whites and blacks killed by police
per 100,000
Results. Police kill, on average, 2.8 men per day. Police were responsible for about 8% of all homicides with adult male victims between 2012 and 2018.
Black men’s mortality risk is between 1.9 and 2.4 deaths per 100 000 per year,
White risk is between 0.6 and 0.7.
https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304559?journalCode=ajph
Taking the average, it is close to this next source: 2.15/.65 = 3.02 black man, times more likely to be killed by police
* =(1.9+2.4)/2 = 2.15 AND (0.6 + 0.7)/2 = .65
white: 2.9 homicide, .65 lethal police force per 100,000 = 22%, or 1 lethal force police for every 4.5 homicides.
black: 22.7 homicide, 2.15 lethal police force per 100,000 = 10%, or 1 lethal force for every 9 homicides.
Whites are killed by police at twice the rate of blacks as a percent of total homicides.
Blanket statement. Average
Black men are about 2.5 times more likely to be killed by police over the life course than are white men.
https://www.pnas.org/content/116/34/16793
Frank Edwards, Hedwig Lee, and Michael Esposito
August 2019
black population
https://blackdemographics.com/
injury and violence. chart of homicides by race. black 7.8 X murders as whites
american journal of public health
https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304559?journalCode=ajph
Results. Police kill, on average, 2.8 men per day. Police were responsible for about 8% of all homicides with adult male victims between 2012 and 2018.
Black men’s mortality risk is between 1.9 and 2.4 deaths per 100 000 per year,
Latino risk is between 0.8 and 1.2, and
White risk is between 0.6 and 0.7.
16,000 murders in 2018
https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2018/crime-in-the-u.s.-2018/topic-pages/murder
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6715a8.htm
homicide rate per 100,000
chart. 2015-2016
Percentage of police shootings chart
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52877678
(add row to show murder rate bar for black and white.)
chart of blacks killed by blacks
https://qz.com/556988/here-are-four-charts-on-race-and-murder-in-america-to-tweet-back-at-donald-trump/
https://theatlas.com/charts/E1pEnFs7e
Homicide trends in the US
https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/htius.pdf
Although blacks make up 13% of the population, black males accounted for about 52% (or 6,800) of the nearly 13,000 male homicide victims in 2005
https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/bvvc.pdf (Pg3Pr1)
About 93% of black homicide victims and 85% of white victims in single victim and single
offender homicides were murdered by someone of their race.
https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/bvvc.pdf (Pg3Pr3)
While blacks accounted for 13% of the U.S. population in 2005, they were victims in 15% of all nonfatal violent crimes and
nearly half of all homicides.
https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/bvvc.pdf (Pg1Pr1)
African-Americans are roughly six times as likely as white Americans to die at the hands of a
murderer, and roughly seven times as likely to murder someone; their victims are black 82% of
the time.
2010 paper. http://www.columbia.edu/~rs328/Homicide.pdf
mapping police violence
https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/states
https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/1999/99sec5.pdf
https://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/criminal-justice/killed-police-black-men-likely-white-men/
https://www.pnas.org/content/116/34/16793
Police violence is a leading cause of death for young men in the United States. Over the life course, about 1 in every 1,000 black men can expect to be killed by police
http://www.columbia.edu/~rs328/Homicide.pdf
1 Introduction African-Americans are roughly six times as likely as white Americans to die at the hands of amurderer, and roughly seven times as likely to murder someone; their victims are black 82% ofthe time.
Homicide is the second most important reason for the racial gap in life expectancy:eliminating homicide would do more to equalize black and white life expectancy than eliminatingany other cause of death except heart diseas
Lifetime murder rates 1997.
https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/1999/99sec5.pdf